Quality & Accountability

Arrest quality, conviction rates, community trust, use of force patterns, and accountability for misconduct.

1 partial
13 missing

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The Quality Crisis

We cannot answer a single question about arrest quality, community trust, or use of force patterns.

NYPD tracks arrests but not convictions. They record use of force incidents but do not share the data. They receive thousands of complaints but substantiate almost none.

What This Means: We are spending $6 billion annually on policing without any ability to assess:

  • Whether arrests lead to convictions (arrest quality)
  • Whether communities trust police (effectiveness predictor)
  • Whether force is used appropriately (civil rights)
  • Whether bad officers are held accountable (systemic reform)

Arrest Quality (Questions 65-69)

Question 65

What percentage of arrests lead to convictions?

By crime type and precinct

PARTIAL DATA

We have conviction volume data but NOT arrest-to-conviction rates (since we lack arrest data). Here's what we know:

NYC Conviction Trends (2014-2024):

  • Total convictions fell 67% from 2019 (77,489) to 2020 (23,733) due to COVID-19 court shutdowns
  • 2024 convictions: 48,295 (still 37.7% below 2019 pre-pandemic levels)
  • Incomplete recovery across all boroughs

Conviction Class Distribution (2024):

  • Non-Criminal: 57.9% (27,948 violations/infractions)
  • Misdemeanor: 28.5% (13,770 minor crimes)
  • Felony: 13.6% (6,577 serious crimes)

Geographic Patterns (2024):

  • Queens: 14,835 convictions (highest total, but only 8.4% felonies)
  • Manhattan: 12,136 convictions (19.9% felonies - highest serious crime rate)
  • Brooklyn: 10,299 convictions (15.5% felonies)
  • Bronx: 7,459 convictions (14.2% felonies)
  • Staten Island: 3,566 convictions (7.4% felonies)

COVID-19 Impact:

All boroughs experienced 60-73% conviction drops in 2020. By 2024:

  • Staten Island: Recovered best (-20.0% vs 2019)
  • Queens: -27.2% vs 2019
  • Brooklyn: -36.4% vs 2019
  • Bronx: -45.9% vs 2019
  • Manhattan: -46.4% vs 2019

What's Missing:

To calculate true arrest-to-conviction rates, we need NYPD arrest data matched to these conviction outcomes. Without it, we cannot determine if 50% or 90% of arrests lead to convictions, or identify arrest quality problems.

Key Finding
NYC convictions remain 37.7% below pre-pandemic levels. Only 13.6% of 2024 convictions were felonies. Manhattan has highest felony rate (19.9%), Queens has most total convictions.
Data Source: NYS Division of Criminal Justice Services - Adult Convictions by County & Class (2014-2024) - https://www.criminaljustice.ny.gov/crimnet/ojsa/tableau_adult_convictions.htm
Additional Data Needed
Why This Matters

We have conviction volume but not arrest-to-conviction rates. This partial data shows conviction trends and borough patterns, but cannot measure arrest quality without matching arrest data.

What We Need

NYPD arrest data matched to conviction outcomes to calculate true conviction rates

For Journalists: FOIL Request Template

FOIL requests to all 5 NYC District Attorney offices: "Arrest-to-conviction rates by crime type and originating precinct, with case disposition stages (2020-2025)" + NYPD arrest data by crime type and precinct

Question 66

How many arrests are dismissed before trial?

Early dismissal rates by crime type

MISSING DATA
Missing Data
Why This Matters

If 30% of arrests are dismissed at arraignment, NYPD is making bad arrests that waste court resources and harm innocent people. Early dismissal rates reveal arrest quality problems.

What We Need

Court disposition data showing dismissals at various stages

For Journalists: FOIL Request Template

FOIL requests to NYC District Attorneys + Office of Court Administration: "Case dispositions by stage (arraignment, pre-trial, trial) with originating precinct and crime type (2020-2025)"

Question 67

Are we arresting the right people?

Wrongful arrest and exoneration rates

MISSING DATA
Missing Data
Why This Matters

Wrongful arrests destroy lives and cost the city millions in settlements. Tracking exonerations and wrongful arrest lawsuits reveals if NYPD has systemic quality problems in investigations.

What We Need

Exoneration data + wrongful arrest settlement data

For Journalists: FOIL Request Template

FOIL requests: "NYPD settlements and judgments for wrongful arrest, false imprisonment, and malicious prosecution (2015-2025)" + Innocence Project data on NYPD-related exonerations

Question 68

How many arrests involve questionable probable cause?

Evidence suppression rates

MISSING DATA
Missing Data
Why This Matters

If courts frequently suppress evidence due to illegal searches or questionable probable cause, NYPD is violating constitutional rights and wasting resources on cases that cannot be prosecuted.

What We Need

Court data on evidence suppression motions and outcomes

For Journalists: FOIL Request Template

FOIL request to Office of Court Administration: "Evidence suppression motion outcomes by originating precinct and violation type (illegal search, lack of probable cause, etc.) for 2020-2025"

Question 69

Do arrest quality patterns vary by neighborhood?

Conviction rates by precinct

MISSING DATA
Missing Data
Why This Matters

If wealthy neighborhoods have 80% conviction rates but poor neighborhoods have 40%, that suggests discriminatory policing or lower-quality investigations in certain areas. Neighborhood patterns reveal equity issues.

What We Need

Conviction rate data by precinct

For Journalists: FOIL Request Template

Same as Q65 but analyzed by precinct to identify geographic disparities

Community Impact (Questions 70-74)

Question 70

How many complaints do we receive?

CCRB complaints by type and precinct

MISSING DATA
Missing Data
Why This Matters

Complaint rates reveal officer misconduct patterns and community friction. High complaint precincts indicate problematic policing practices that damage community trust.

What We Need

Civilian Complaint Review Board (CCRB) complaint data

For Journalists: FOIL Request Template

CCRB publishes complaint data. Requires analysis: "Total complaints by type (force, abuse of authority, discourtesy, offensive language), precinct, and outcome (2015-2025)"

Question 71

What percentage of complaints are substantiated?

Accountability for misconduct

MISSING DATA
Missing Data
Why This Matters

If only 5% of complaints are substantiated, either most complaints are frivolous OR the system protects bad officers. Substantiation rates reveal whether accountability mechanisms work.

What We Need

CCRB complaint outcome data

For Journalists: FOIL Request Template

CCRB data: "Complaint outcomes (substantiated, unsubstantiated, exonerated, unfounded, officer unidentified) by complaint type and year (2015-2025)"

Question 72

Do communities trust NYPD?

Public confidence surveys by neighborhood

MISSING DATA
Missing Data
Why This Matters

Effective policing requires community cooperation. If communities do not trust police, they will not report crimes or cooperate with investigations. Trust levels predict clearance rates.

What We Need

Community survey data on police trust and satisfaction

For Journalists: FOIL Request Template

FOIL request + academic sources: "Community satisfaction surveys, trust metrics, and cooperation rates by precinct or neighborhood (2015-2025)"

Question 73

How cooperative are communities with investigations?

Witness cooperation rates

MISSING DATA
Missing Data
Why This Matters

Low witness cooperation explains low clearance rates. If communities will not talk to police, crimes cannot be solved. Cooperation rates are a leading indicator of community-police relations.

What We Need

Detective investigation data on witness cooperation

For Journalists: FOIL Request Template

FOIL request: "Investigation metrics including witness cooperation rates, community assistance, and information quality by precinct and crime type"

Question 74

What is the cost of damaged community relations?

Impact on crime reporting and clearances

MISSING DATA
Missing Data
Why This Matters

If broken trust causes 20% fewer crime reports and 10% lower clearance rates, that is a massive hidden cost of aggressive policing. Quantifying this cost informs policing strategy.

What We Need

Econometric analysis correlating trust metrics with reporting and clearance rates

For Journalists: FOIL Request Template

Requires academic research combining CCRB data, clearance data, and community survey data to model relationship between trust and outcomes

Use of Force & Discipline (Questions 75-78)

Question 75

How often do officers use force?

Use of force incidents by type and precinct

MISSING DATA
Missing Data
Why This Matters

Use of force frequency reveals officer training quality, supervision effectiveness, and potential abuse patterns. High force rates may indicate poor de-escalation training or aggressive policing culture.

What We Need

NYPD use of force incident reports

For Journalists: FOIL Request Template

FOIL request: "Use of force incidents by type (firearm discharge, physical force, restraint, conducted electrical weapon), precinct, and outcome (2015-2025)"

Question 76

Are use of force incidents concentrated in specific officers?

Repeat offender analysis

MISSING DATA
Missing Data
Why This Matters

If 10% of officers account for 50% of force incidents, those officers need retraining or removal. Concentration patterns identify problem officers before they cause serious harm.

What We Need

Officer-level use of force data (anonymized for analysis)

For Journalists: FOIL Request Template

FOIL request: "Distribution of use of force incidents per officer (anonymized), including repeat incident rates and disciplinary outcomes"

Question 77

What happens after use of force incidents?

Investigation and discipline rates

MISSING DATA
Missing Data
Why This Matters

If use of force incidents are rarely investigated or disciplined, that signals lack of accountability. Discipline rates reveal whether the system holds officers accountable for excessive force.

What We Need

Use of force investigation outcomes and disciplinary actions

For Journalists: FOIL Request Template

FOIL request: "Use of force incident investigations, outcomes (justified/unjustified), and resulting disciplinary actions (2015-2025)"

Question 78

How do our use of force rates compare to peer cities?

Benchmarking force patterns

MISSING DATA
Missing Data
Why This Matters

If NYC officers use force 3x more frequently than peer cities, that indicates training or culture problems. Comparative data reveals if our force patterns are normal or excessive.

What We Need

Use of force data from comparable police departments

For Journalists: FOIL Request Template

Public records requests to LA, Chicago, Philadelphia, Houston police departments: "Use of force incident rates per 1,000 arrests or per 100,000 population (2015-2025)"

Summary: The Accountability Gap

Zero Data on Arrest Quality: NYPD makes hundreds of thousands of arrests annually but does not track conviction rates, dismissal rates, or wrongful arrest settlements by precinct or officer. We have no way to assess whether arrests are justified or effective.

Zero Data on Community Trust: Effective policing requires community cooperation. If people will not report crimes or serve as witnesses because they distrust police, clearance rates suffer. Yet NYPD does not systematically measure or report community trust levels.

Zero Public Data on Use of Force: NYPD records use of force incidents but does not publicly share patterns, officer-level data, or disciplinary outcomes. Without this transparency, we cannot assess if force is used appropriately or hold problem officers accountable.

Minimal Accountability for Misconduct: CCRB receives thousands of complaints but substantiates a tiny percentage. Without transparency on complaint patterns and outcomes, the system protects bad officers rather than removing them.

The Pattern: Every question about quality and accountability is unanswerable because NYPD refuses to share data that every professional organization tracks. This is not incompetence - it is a strategy to avoid accountability for poor performance and misconduct.